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Prevent Conflicts While Keeping a Present InterestPrevent Conflicts While Keeping a Present Interest

Addressing the IRS’ attacks against religious (and other) arbitration and in terrorem clauses in trusts with withdrawal rights

James I. Dougherty, Partner

April 21, 2015

14 Min Read
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Probably to the disappointment of the nuns and Jesuits who spent the better part of 13 years educating me about biblical scripture, one of the passages I remember most is Chapter 3, Verse 13 from the Gospel of Luke.  In this passage, John the Baptist told the tax collectors “Stop collecting more than what is prescribed.”  About two millennia later, in Minkel v. Commissioner, a Tax Court delivered a similar message when the Internal Revenue Service tried to disallow annual exclusion gifts to a trust because the trust contained a religious arbitration clause and an in terrorem clause.[1]  The IRS argued these provisions made the withdrawal rights held by beneficiaries illusory, meaning they weren’t gifts of present interest and therefore d...

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About the Author

James I. Dougherty

Partner, Dungey Dougherty PLLC

James is a partner at Dungey Dougherty PLLC, practicing out of Greenwich, Connecticut and New York City. His practice focuses on the estate planning and estate administration needs of high net worth individuals and their families. James assists executors and beneficiaries alike through all aspects of the estate administration process including probate, contested estates, tax, and post-mortem estate planning issues. His estate planning practice is focused on working with affluent individuals in the development and implementation of sophisticated planning techniques to help them accumulate, preserve, and transfer their wealth.