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Gift Tax Cost Depends On Form and SubstanceGift Tax Cost Depends On Form and Substance

When it comes to the tax cost of a lifetime gift of property, estate planners often focus on the gift taxable value of the transferred asset and, to that end, on the asset's form. In the international context, the focus on form can be even more important. Rules that merely evaporate discounts in the domestic context actually can turn non-taxable gifts into taxable ones in the international context.

21 Min Read
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N. Todd Angkatavanich & Edward A. Vergara

When it comes to the tax cost of a lifetime gift of property, estate planners often focus on the gift taxable value of the transferred asset and, to that end, on the asset's form. In the international context, the focus on form can be even more important. Rules that merely evaporate discounts in the domestic context actually can turn non-taxable gifts into taxable ones in the international context.

So, the critical question becomes: how do we structure international gifts to ensure they're not taxed?

Rules and Realities

The basic rule is this: An individual who is neither a citizen nor a resident of the United States for U.S. estate and gift tax purposes (let's call them NC/NRs) is subject to U.S. gi...

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About the Authors

N. Todd Angkatavanich

Principal, National Tax Department, Ernst & Young LLP, Private Client Services Group

N. Todd Angkatavanich is a principal in the National Tax Department of Ernst & Young LLP, in the Private Client Services Group. His practice is focused on tax, trusts and estates, and business succession matters for affluent individuals and their families. He regularly advises domestic and international families and family offices with respect to creating trust and related business structures to preserve, protect and grow family wealth for multiple generations in a tax efficient manner. 

Todd has been published in Trusts and Estates, Private Wealth and Estate Planning Magazine, ACTEC Journal, BNA Tax Management, Private Asset Management and other publications.  He is a member of the Editorial Board for Trusts & Estates Magazine.  He is also a member of the Advisory Board for BNA/Tax Management Estates, Gifts and Trusts Journal. 

Todd is a frequent speaker on estate planning topics such as Family Limited Partnerships, Business Succession Planning and related Chapter 14 issues.  He has given presentations, webinars and teleconferences for various organizations including the Heckerling Estate Planning Institute, the ABA Section of Real Property Trust & Estate Law Spring Symposia, Trusts & Estate Magazine, BNA/Tax Management as well as numerous estate planning councils, CPA Societies and professional organizations.  Todd has been quoted in articles that have appeared in Barron's, Bloomberg Businessweek, The Boston Globe, The Miami Herald, MSN Money and other publications.

Todd is the recipient of the 2012 "Private Client Lawyer of the Year" Award, FOR (Family Office Review) Awards, North America, Chicago.

Todd is a vice-chair of the Business Planning Group - Business Investment Entities Committee of the American Bar Association, Real Property, Trust & Estate Law Section.

Edward A. Vergara

Head of Tax & Estate, HQ Digital LLC

Edward A. Vergara ([email protected]) is Head of Tax & Estate at HQ Digital LLC, a life and wealth management platform launched in 2021 to support the digital asset investor and entrepreneur ecosystem, based in Stamford, Connecticut. Ed advises a broad range of individuals making investment and succession planning decisions, with a focus on digital assets and related businesses, early-stage companies, multi-jurisdictional situations, and transactions with tax-exempt vehicles